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Infrastructure Change Detection in GIS.
Change point detection
(PIPELINE Monitoring)
Change point detection
(PIPELINE Monitoring)
Infrastructure Change Detection (PIPELINE Monitoring) - monitoring of territories or water areas, which are located within the boundaries defined by the minimum allowable distance from the axis of main pipelines (gas pipelines, oil pipelines, product pipelines, etc.), power lines, railroads, within which certain objects can be located, calculated by processing of aerospace materials.
Why is Infrastructure Change Detection is needed
Infrastructure Change Detection (PIPELINE Monitoring) is carried out to comply with the legislation on the safe operation of particularly dangerous objects and the adjacent territories.
Pipeline monitoring (Infrastructure Change Detection) is carried out using a comprehensive method of remote sensing of the Earth: satellite imaging + unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging during both day and night to solve the following tasks:
1. Real-time detection:
2. Condition assessment:
3. Monitoring:
Pipeline monitoring (Infrastructure Change Detection) is carried out using a comprehensive method of remote sensing of the Earth: satellite imaging + unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging during both day and night to solve the following tasks:
1. Real-time detection:
- failures in oil industry pipelines.
- spills of oil, petroleum products, and effluent water;
- locations of unauthorized intrusions;
- locations of unauthorized actions by third parties at controlled facilities;
- forest fires, peat fires, in areas where pipelines pass through;
- locations of debris along the pipeline route;
- unauthorized storage of construction materials and pipes in security zones;
- locations of unauthorized presence of individuals and vehicles in security zones;
2. Condition assessment:
- condition assessment:
- air crossings, water crossings and ravines;
- crane stations, launching and receiving points for treatment facilities;
- along pipeline routes, pipeline accesses, bridges, over streams and ravines, pipeline crossings, culverts and other pipeline facilities;
- Locations of non-designed pipeline sections;
- repair works on pipelines;
- condition of kilometer signs, crossing, corner, turn and other signs on the pipelines;
3. Monitoring:
- violations and damages on the pipelines
- places of construction, installation works and ground leveling; places of construction of crossings and passages through pipelines, parking places for tractor vehicles without appropriate documents agreed with the operating organization and drawn up in accordance with the established procedure;
Automatic monitoring of power transmission lines and PPAs is a method of automatic inspection of power transmission lines using satellite imagery and UAVs. Here the main solution of three subtasks: automatic measurement of power lines, automatic three-dimensional reconstruction of the terrain along the power line corridor (PLC) and automatic recognition of obstacles.
Continuous monitoring of critical assets and their surroundings can ensure reliable operation, asset protection, and preventive maintenance on an as-is basis.
Machine learning techniques can monitor the reliability of these assets and automatically detect overgrown vegetation, illegal construction in the right-of-way, and disaster detection events (landslides and floods). Future climate change challenges will require the development of new detection technologies and machine learning models on remotely sensed images to improve power system reliability, prevent power outages, and minimize the likelihood of wildfires.
Emphasis is placed on scalable and accurate technology for monitoring power line corridors and SAMs, including but not limited to:
Detection of vegetation in power line corridors using optical satellite imagery, SAR and LiDAR imagery.
Continuous monitoring of critical assets and their surroundings can ensure reliable operation, asset protection, and preventive maintenance on an as-is basis.
Machine learning techniques can monitor the reliability of these assets and automatically detect overgrown vegetation, illegal construction in the right-of-way, and disaster detection events (landslides and floods). Future climate change challenges will require the development of new detection technologies and machine learning models on remotely sensed images to improve power system reliability, prevent power outages, and minimize the likelihood of wildfires.
Emphasis is placed on scalable and accurate technology for monitoring power line corridors and SAMs, including but not limited to:
Detection of vegetation in power line corridors using optical satellite imagery, SAR and LiDAR imagery.
- Development of new imaging techniques including UAVs and autonomous vehicles.
- Detection of hazardous conditions around critical assets.
Goals and Objectives
The main objectives of processing Earth remote sensing data (RSD) for the purpose of Infrastructure Change Detection (PIPELINE Monitoring) are as follows:
- Ensuring the safe operation of particularly hazardous facilities and adjacent territories;
- Defining the zone of minimum distances and registering it (including boundaries) in the Unified State Real Estate Register;
- Determining the zone of minimum permissible distance to main or industrial pipelines and other objects of increased danger (power lines, etc.) suitable for construction or other economic activities, as well as human habitation;
- Timely detection of existing and under-construction buildings and structures within the zone of minimum distances / protected zone;
- Identification of illegally constructed buildings and structures within the zone of minimum distances;
- Identification of woody vegetation within the protected zone;
- Monitoring compliance with the width of the protective strip;
- Identification of logging residues (storage/retention) within the protected zone;
- Detection and timely prevention of possible technogenic disasters;
- Identification of locations with damages to pipeline supports and backfilling;
- Discovery of pipeline sections not in their planned position;
- Finding unplanned pipeline surface outcrops;
- Determining deviations from current requirements for pipeline protection;
- Collecting and analyzing information on the current state of protective zones, surface objects of the pipeline, and minimum permissible zones and distances;
- Operative identification of unauthorized activities and movements within the pipeline's protected zone;
- Inspection and analysis of the technical condition of the pipeline;
- Detection of theft of material assets;
- Monitoring the activities of contracting organizations;
- Discovery of spill and leakage locations;
- Determining the areas of land reclamation and contamination;
- Identification of places of illegal activity, etc.
In the pipeline laying zone:
- Identification of locations with damages to pipeline supports and backfilling;
- Discovery of pipeline sections not in their planned position;
- Finding unplanned pipeline surface outcrops;
- Determining deviations from current requirements for pipeline protection;
- Collecting and analyzing information on the current state of protective zones, surface objects of the pipeline, and minimum permissible zones and distances;
- Operative identification of unauthorized activities and movements within the pipeline's protected zone;
- Inspection and analysis of the technical condition of the pipeline;
- Detection of spill and leakage locations.
In the protective zone of power transmission lines (PTL):
- Identification of vegetation and determination of their height;
- Inspection and analysis of the technical condition of supports;
- Detection of breaks and damage assessment;
- Obtaining information for making decisions on the operative elimination of accidents on the line;
Protective zone of highways:
The protective zone along highways in Russia currently has an approximate range of 25 to 50 meters, and it is even less when passing through villages, settlements, and cities.
The protective zone along highways in Russia currently has an approximate range of 25 to 50 meters, and it is even less when passing through villages, settlements, and cities.
- Creation of a continuously operating and up-to-date database (thematic maps, geospatial video and photo of the current situation) of Infrastructure Change Detection (PIPELINE Monitoring). Basics of building information modeling: data collection, gradient and distance measurements, expansion through geographical referencing/data. A continuously operating GIS as a geospatial management system for PIPELINE Monitoring.
- Secondarily, but importantly, an ecological and up-to-date situation depicted on thematic maps.
- Development and implementation of measures to reduce the negative impact on the environment during construction and operation.
Advantages of Using Remote Sensing Materials
Emissions, for example, carbonaceous pollutants, and noise levels. Emissions from mobile sources on roads have historically been a significant anthropogenic factor in atmospheric air pollution. Concentration of such emissions on road maps will provide answers to cause-effect relationships for their reduction.
- Fixation of pollution violations, illegal construction, and suspicious situations within the zone of minimum distances using periodic photo and video imagery.
- Monitoring of such zones ultimately leads to prevention, emergency situation (ES) recording, and decision-making (ES result logistics modeling) for its elimination. Primarily, assessing the potential destruction of surrounding structures during emergency situations, such as sudden disruptions of roads and protective zones due to earthquakes, floods, landslides, typhoons, falling trees, etc.
- Measurement of vegetation levels and moisture conditions within the zone of minimum distances using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) can demonstrate obvious trends of degradation and recovery in buffer zones.
Protective Zone of Railways:
Practically the same as for highways, but taking into account the specific features of railway infrastructure and stricter, regulated rules. However, trains are not cars, and railway tracks are not roads. These statements are obvious, but they are often ignored when assessing the potential and actual impact on biodiversity by railways, which are often equated to the impact of roads.
Therefore, there are specific approaches for railways, including:
Practically the same as for highways, but taking into account the specific features of railway infrastructure and stricter, regulated rules. However, trains are not cars, and railway tracks are not roads. These statements are obvious, but they are often ignored when assessing the potential and actual impact on biodiversity by railways, which are often equated to the impact of roads.
Therefore, there are specific approaches for railways, including:
- Development and verification of a spectral index based on remote sensing to predict and map soil vulnerability to erosion within railway corridors in semi-arid conditions. The proposed approach is called the Normalized Difference Railway Erosion Liability Index (NDReLI).
- Remote monitoring of unstable slopes and infrastructure (landslide monitoring) at risk, using a combination of traditional and new stationary and automated (i.e., remote) technologies.
- Monitoring of ballast tracks and the zone of minimum distances with minimal vegetation.
- Monitoring railway track construction and reconstruction, bridges, stations, and other railway infrastructure.
Advantages of Using Remote Sensing Materials
The method of monitoring protective zones and determining the zones of minimum distances using Earth remote sensing (RSD) materials offers several advantages compared to traditional field methods. It is faster, more convenient for territories with complex natural and climatic conditions, and more effective for extensive and hard-to-reach hazardous industrial facilities such as main pipelines or power transmission lines. Additionally, it is more cost-effective while maintaining high-quality results.
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