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Geological modelling.
Geomodelling
Geomodelling
Geological modeling or geomodeling is the creation of representations or numerical equivalents of parts of the Earth's crust, both on and beneath its surface.
Geological modeling (geomodelling) is an applied science that involves creating computerized representations of parts of the Earth's crust based on geophysical and geological observations.
Geological modeling (geomodeling) is associated with the concept of a comprehensive Earth model (an interdisciplinary, interoperable, and updatable knowledge base about the Earth's subsurface). Geological modeling (geomodeling) is used for managing natural resources, identifying natural hazards, and quantitatively assessing geological processes, primarily applied to oil and gas fields, groundwater aquifers, and mineral deposits.
Geological modeling (geomodelling) is an applied science that involves creating computerized representations of parts of the Earth's crust based on geophysical and geological observations.
Geological modeling (geomodeling) is associated with the concept of a comprehensive Earth model (an interdisciplinary, interoperable, and updatable knowledge base about the Earth's subsurface). Geological modeling (geomodeling) is used for managing natural resources, identifying natural hazards, and quantitatively assessing geological processes, primarily applied to oil and gas fields, groundwater aquifers, and mineral deposits.
Example of Geomodeling
What is geological modelling (geomodelling) used for:
- Reliable geological data and a well-constructed geological model form the basis for accurate mineral resource estimation, which in turn determines financial and operational decisions throughout the entire value chain of the project.
- Geological models help determine the volume and concentration of valuable minerals, which are subject to economic constraints for assessing the economic value of mineralization.
- Geological models encompass all aspects controlling mineralization at the deposit, including factors influencing geotechnical stability, geometallurgical recovery, and waste characterization.
- Advancements in geological modeling, particularly implicit modeling, have allowed geologists to visualize and model geology in 3D rather than using the traditional 2D sectional approach. This enables quick incorporation of more extensive datasets into the model.
- Investing time and effort in geological modeling during the early stages reduces geological uncertainty in the project and leads to cost savings on drilling for expansion and grade control and reduces the time needed to update future geological models with new data.
- Three-dimensional geological models characterize the structure of rock formations and deposits in the subsurface, providing sophisticated tools for a deeper understanding of geology. They are used for decision-making and supporting comprehensive analyses of soil conditions, groundwater systems, resource assessment, and reserves estimation. 3D modeling yields reliable results and increased information, making it essential for practical applications, using the three-dimensional spatial structure of each layer as the boundary for modeling.
Advantages of Using Remote Sensing Data
Modern remote sensing tools include LiDAR and digital elevation models, high-resolution optical remote sensing, thermal remote sensing, hyperspectral remote sensing, microwave and SAR remote sensing, as well as remote sensing using historical aerial imagers or archival images, covering a period from centuries ago to the present. Thus, remote sensing allows us to perceive the Earth beyond our visual capabilities and overcome the temporal and spatial constraints of ground observations.
Evidential (empirical) advantages of remote sensing data include the following:
Evidential (empirical) advantages of remote sensing data include the following:
- Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), which is directly related to the bare earth surface, is successfully used for mapping topographic features with corresponding scale and accuracy and facilitates the measurement of fine topographic details.
- Three-dimensional (3D) multiparametric geological modeling and microanalysis are used to discuss molybdenite mineralization and oxidation processes during the supergene stage.
- Remote sensing can be used for layer-by-layer modeling of the spatial variability characteristics of internal geological properties of Quaternary unconsolidated sediments, such as lithology, porosity, and water content, using the three-dimensional spatial framework of each sediment as the basis.
- It simulates how experts in the field interpret geological structures and allows creating models directly based on interpretation tasks, avoiding the drawbacks of separate modeling stages.
- The sketch-based modeling system is based on standard annotations of two-dimensional geological maps and interpretative sketches of geologists, which is not always feasible in the field.
- Specific geological rules and constraints are applied and evaluated in the sketch-based modeling process to ensure the construction of a reliable 3D geological model.
- Integrative 3D model of short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral mapping and digital elevation model (DEM) based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for revealing carbonate rocks.
- A new 3D geological modeling method is mainly applied in the geological field and has made new progress in integrating heterogeneous geological data from multiple sources, large-scale high-precision modeling, geological grid subdivision, attribute modeling, image fusion in remote sensing, and other aspects.
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