Environmental Monitoring is a comprehensive observation of the state and indicators of the environment, natural ecosystems, including components of the natural environment and natural ecological systems, as well as the processes and phenomena occurring in them. It involves the assessment and prediction of changes in the state of the environment. Ecological monitoring is the process of observing the condition of the environment, which includes monitoring and data collection on various aspects such as water levels, air quality, and soil condition.

Ecological monitoring is essential for identifying changes occurring due to both natural processes and direct human impact. By conducting ecological monitoring, it becomes possible to track and assess the changes and potential impacts on the environment. It helps in understanding the effects of human activities on nature and ecosystems, identifying potential risks to the environment, and making informed decisions for sustainable development.

Ecological monitoring encompasses the observation of various environmental components, including soil and water resources, air quality, biological resources, and mineral resources. This holistic approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the environment and helps in developing effective environmental management and conservation strategies.

The goal of environmental monitoring is to promptly track anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic changes in the state of the environment.

Objectives of environmental monitoring:

• Monitoring the state of the environment;
• Generating informational data on the current state of the external environment and its degree of pollution;
• Conducting large-scale observations of anthropogenic impact factors;
• Forecasting trends in changes to the natural environment;
• Identifying sources of anthropogenic influence and organizing observations of them;
• Forecasting and controlling natural disasters and technological accidents.