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Digital elevation models (DEM)
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a three-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface, presented as an array of points with defined elevation. The DEM contains information about the true elevation of the terrain, without considering vegetation, buildings, and other anthropogenic objects.
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are a type of three-dimensional mathematical models that contain information about the elevation levels of the Earth's surface.
In contrast to DEMs, Digital Surface Models (DSMs) describe all the irregularities of the Earth's surface, including vegetation and anthropogenic objects.
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are a type of three-dimensional mathematical models that contain information about the elevation levels of the Earth's surface.
In contrast to DEMs, Digital Surface Models (DSMs) describe all the irregularities of the Earth's surface, including vegetation and anthropogenic objects.
Why is it needed?
With the help of new Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, unlike traditional "paper" maps, it is possible to process the obtained digital data and create a spatially accurate three-dimensional model, also known as a digital elevation model.
A digital elevation model is necessary to obtain highly detailed information about the terrain on any given area, including the creation of digital topographic maps and plans of various scales, conducting surveying works, engineering surveys, geological studies, biological studies, geographical studies, and more.
A digital elevation model is necessary to obtain highly detailed information about the terrain on any given area, including the creation of digital topographic maps and plans of various scales, conducting surveying works, engineering surveys, geological studies, biological studies, geographical studies, and more.
Purposes and Objectives of Digital elevation models (DEM):
To create a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a multitude of elevation points, with known geodetic coordinates, are used. The digital model is created solely based on points classified as land relief points. Each elevation is determined using height interpolation rules, ensuring the creation of a detailed digital elevation model with varying elevation point distributions.
The purpose of a digital elevation model is to obtain information about the terrain with a specified accuracy and level of detail for a given area. It serves the following purposes:
The purpose of a digital elevation model is to obtain information about the terrain with a specified accuracy and level of detail for a given area. It serves the following purposes:
- Visualization of the terrain when creating and updating digital topographic maps and plans of various scales;
- Compilation of thematic and specialized maps and plans for specific purposes;
- Hydrodynamic modeling of land inundation;
- Construction of three-dimensional geological models;
- Radar (radiolocation) interferometry;
- Creation of navigational maps with various levels of detail and address information;
- Production of topographic plans for the design and construction of various objects, including underground and above-ground structures, and for other construction-related tasks;
- Prediction of landscape processes;
- Territorial planning;
- Construction of roads, highways, and intersections;
- Environmental tasks (including modeling of environmental situations);
- Study and quantitative assessment of the current state of the natural environment;
- Execution of land management and cadastral works;
- Creation of digital terrain models for planning and development of telecommunication networks;
- Determination of groundwater levels.
Advantages of Remote Sensing Data Usage
Currently, numerous satellites are launched to obtain high-resolution imagery, and technical and software tools have been developed, which MKGT utilizes to create DEMs. Satellite data can be obtained more promptly as they may already be available in the operator's archive. Additionally, aerial imagery captured from aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is used. DEMs created from stereo photogrammetric processing of satellite and aerial imagery exhibit high accuracy and informativeness.
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