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Digital orthoimagery
(Orthorectification)
(Orthorectification)
Orthoimagery, also known as orthophotography, refers to aerial or satellite images that have been geometrically corrected (orthorectified) to ensure uniform scale and true geographic representation. These images are corrected for distortions caused by the camera angle, lens curvature, and topographic relief, making them accurate for use in mapping and spatial analysis.
Orthoimagery (Orthorectification) is a image of the terrain in an orthogonal projection, defined by a coordinate system and a desired scale. It is obtained by orthorectifying aerial or satellite images using control points, ground control points (GCPs), or rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) to remove distortions caused by image acquisition conditions, camera equipment, image tilt angles, and terrain relief. The orthorectified images are then stitched together and cut into orthophotoplanes based on predefined or custom sheets. An orthophotoplan captures detailed information about the real-world features on the Earth's surface.
Orthoimagery (Orthorectification) is a image of the terrain in an orthogonal projection, defined by a coordinate system and a desired scale. It is obtained by orthorectifying aerial or satellite images using control points, ground control points (GCPs), or rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) to remove distortions caused by image acquisition conditions, camera equipment, image tilt angles, and terrain relief. The orthorectified images are then stitched together and cut into orthophotoplanes based on predefined or custom sheets. An orthophotoplan captures detailed information about the real-world features on the Earth's surface.
Figure. Satellite image from the WorldView-3 satellite with a spatial resolution of 0.4 m before orthotransformation (left), and the final orthoimagery (right).
Purpose of Orthoimagery (Orthorectification)
Orthoimagery of an area are used as a spatial base for creating maps, topographic plans, and diagrams. They can also be used as standalone products for cartography, cadastral work, engineering surveys, and more.
Modern Earth observation satellites have a spatial resolution of up to 15 cm per pixel and provide wide coverage, allowing for quick retrieval of information over large areas. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can also capture images with spatial resolutions of 2-5 cm per pixel.
Modern Earth observation satellites have a spatial resolution of up to 15 cm per pixel and provide wide coverage, allowing for quick retrieval of information over large areas. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can also capture images with spatial resolutions of 2-5 cm per pixel.
In accordance with this, satellite and aerial images enable:
- Creation of orthoimagery at scales up to 1:5000 (using satellite imagery).
- Creation of orthoimagery at scales up to 1:500 (using UAVs).
- Generation of high-precision Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for orthorectification.
- Detection of previously unnoticed features.
- Real-time monitoring of changes in the state of objects on the ground.
- Significant reduction in project timelines due to wide coverage and rapid data acquisition.
Goals and Objectives of Orthoimagery (Orthorectification):
- Creation and updating of digital maps, plans, and diagrams at various scales.
- Execution of land management and cadastral work.
- Formation of a unified digital cartographic base for real estate cadastre with the subsequent overlay of cadastral division vector layers.
- Creation of up-to-date digital orthophotomaps as part of a unified electronic cartographic base (EECB).
- Generation of engineering-topographic maps for engineering and geodetic surveys.
- Establishment of the remote sensing base for state geological maps.
Advantages of Using Remote Sensing Data
Using archival and new high-resolution and very-high-resolution satellite images with precise orbital georeferencing allows for the production of orthoimagery with high accuracy and detail without the need for ground surveying to obtain control points. Satellite data can be acquired more quickly as they may already be available in the operator's archive.
The use of aerial imagery and images from UAVs/drones for creating orthoimagery requires conducting a new survey, which takes more time due to the need for special permissions and on-site visits. However, orthoimagery generated from orthotransformed aerial images have high visual informativeness and excellent measurement properties.
The use of aerial imagery and images from UAVs/drones for creating orthoimagery requires conducting a new survey, which takes more time due to the need for special permissions and on-site visits. However, orthoimagery generated from orthotransformed aerial images have high visual informativeness and excellent measurement properties.
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