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Digital terrain models (DTM)
Digital terrain models (DTM) is a cartographic model that includes a logical-mathematical description of the terrain objects in digital form and contains data about their characteristics. DTM is created in the established map projections, scale, coordinate systems, and elevation systems, taking into account the principles of cartographic generalization and establishing necessary topological relationships between objects.
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a digital cartographic model that contains data about terrain objects and their characteristics.
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a digital cartographic model that contains data about terrain objects and their characteristics.
The digital terrain model should be constructed in a way that independent models can be derived from it using established symbolic conventions for topographic maps, including:
- terrain relief;
- communication networks;
- buildings and structures;
- hydrography;
- soil and vegetation cover.
What is needed for
A digital terrain model is necessary for mapping and arranging sites when designing landscaping, buildings, structures, highways, highways, interchanges. To solve the tasks of protecting the territory, conducting scientific research.
Differences between DEM/DMP and DMM
The DMM includes digital layers (models) (topography, vectors (objects with semantic characteristics), population distribution (administrative boundaries, boundaries of settlements with the number of inhabitants according to the last population census), obstacles (heights of buildings, vegetation and engineering structures)).
The DEM contains information about the height of only the true relief, excluding vegetation, buildings and other anthropogenic objects, the DMP contains information about all irregularities of the earth's surface, including vegetation and anthropogenic objects.
The DEM contains information about the height of only the true relief, excluding vegetation, buildings and other anthropogenic objects, the DMP contains information about all irregularities of the earth's surface, including vegetation and anthropogenic objects.
The purpose of creating a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is to graphically represent spatial and coordinate information, and provide a description of the codes and symbols used in a specified area.
Digital terrain models are used to solve the following tasks:
- As an up-to-date digital map of any scale and purpose for solving cartographic tasks.
- In the creation and updating of digital topographic maps and plans.
- As part of the information support for geographic information systems (GIS).
- As a cartographic base for automated cadastral systems of various purposes.
- As a cartographic base for navigation and positioning systems.
- As part of the information support for planning mobile telephone network systems.
- For spatial referencing of thematic databases resulting from engineering surveys, land cadastral works, land surveying, statistical research, and other specialized works and surveys.
Advantages of satellite imagery for creating DTM:
Satellite imagery of very high and high resolution can be obtained more quickly as they may already exist in operator archives, and new imaging does not require coordination with competent authorities.
Advantages of aerial imagery for creating DTM:
Aerial imagery allows for obtaining images with high spatial resolution (up to 1 cm/pixel) and provides a higher level of detail in the resulting orthophotoplans and models. It achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of point coordinate determination of less than 10 cm, and can be performed below continuous cloud cover. Aerial imagery is recommended for creating high-precision DTM.
Advantages of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery for creating DTM:
The use of UAV imagery for building digital terrain models (DTM) significantly expands the possibilities for studying space and obtaining information about it. It allows for obtaining a realistic and high-quality model in a compressed timeframe, comparable to laser scanning but more cost-effective.
Advantages of LIDAR for creating DTM:
- High speed and accuracy of measurements.
- The ability to use the acquired data to create maps, topographic plans, and drawings, including various cross-sections.
- The ability to remotely survey inaccessible and dangerous objects (the range of the laser scanner depends on the instrument's characteristics and survey conditions, ranging from 1 to 2,500 meters).
Using a high-resolution camera, a coordinate array can be obtained simultaneously with real images, which is a significant advantage in DTM construction.
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